According to Plenius the old Romans employed slaves for kneading their dough. While, many bakers no doubt kneaded dough by hand, some shops had machines to do the kneading. There were also made of volcanic rock, the main portion of which consisted of a bowl in which both fixed and rotating baled mixed the dough.
When Rome invaded Britain in 55 BC, they also brought the technology for milling flour and producing bread.
The first mixers of any account for bread dough were made in France, by Salignac, 1760. Salignac’s machine was described as a trough, inside which the dough was agitated by arms shaped somewhat like harrows.
A new invention introduced in 1802, the dough brake was a bladed device that fit into a metal basin. The user turned a crank to knead moist materials without soiling the hands.
The petrisseur or mechanical bread maker was invented by Cavallier and Co of Paris in 1830 while Mr. Poole, of Lincoln’s Inn, agent to the French inventors, had received an English patent for their machine by that year as well.
In 1873, Paul Freyburger successfully filed a patent in Germany for a “mixing and kneading machine with two elliptic stirring discs.”
In 1876, In United States Paul Freyburger file another patent “Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles.”
Judy W. Redd received her patent for the Dough Kneader and Roller on September 23, 1884. She was the first black woman to receive a patent.
Electricity revolutionized baking by taking the drudgery out of kneading, In 1908 Herbert Johnson, an engineer, created a twenty-gallon dough mixer for Kitchen-Aid. After World War I, the company concentrated on redesigning the commercial mixer for the home.
History of mechanical kneader
